Marcel duchamp urinal meaning date

The use of the wordfor the art movement, the meaning (if any) and intention of both the piece and the signature R.
After moving from Paris to New York in 1915, Marcel Duchamp became a founding member of the American Society of Independent Artists, a group dedicated to advancing the ideas of new art.
Sherrie Levine, Fountain (after Marcel Duchamp: A.

I try to make art which celebrates doubt and uncertainty.
Like much of what Duchamp did and said, the meaning of R.

Before Marcel Duchamp, a work of art was an artefact, a physical object.